好氧堆肥用枯草芽孢杆菌GX2产芽孢工艺优化

芽孢杆菌是好氧堆肥微生物菌剂的重要组成部分,为降低菌剂生产成本、改善其品质及应用效果,对芽孢杆菌产芽孢工艺进行研究。首先,在摇瓶上进行枯草芽孢杆菌GX2的培养基及培养条件优化,在此基础上,在3 L发酵罐中进行分批补料优化研究,进一步提高细胞浓度,最后,通过单因素及正交试验研究,在3 L发酵罐中对产芽孢工艺进行了优化。结果表明,当pH为6.8、温度为50℃和搅拌转速为150 r/min时,发酵液中的活菌数达1.57×10¹⁰CFU/mL,芽孢数达1.32×10¹⁰CFU/mL,芽孢率为84.1%。堆肥用枯草芽孢杆菌GX2的发酵及产芽孢工艺优化可有效提高发酵液中的活菌数及芽孢率,降低菌剂的发酵及生产成本,为后续工业化生产及应用奠定基础。     

Modification of the nitrogen solubility properties of soy protein isolate following proteolysis and transglutaminase cross-linking

The effect of (a) limited hydrolysis [0.5–2.0% degree of hydrolysis (DH)] with Alcalase™, (b) cross-linking with transglutaminase (TGase) and (c) combinations of these modifications on the nitrogen solubility (pH 3–8) of soy protein isolate (SPI) was investigated. Between pH 3.0 and 5.0, SPI hydrolysates, hydrolysates of cross-linked SPI and the cross-linked products of SPI hydrolysates displayed significant (P<0.05) increases in solubility compared to unmodified SPI. Cross-linking pre- or post hydrolysis did not alter the overall trend of increased (P<0.05) solubility relative to the unmodified control at low pH. At 2% DH, cross-linking pre- or post-hydrolysis resulted in greater solubility (P<0.05) than that observed in hydrolysates per se at low pH. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) indicated that the 22 kDa 11S basic polypeptide was relatively resistant to Alcalase hydrolysis and that the 18 and 22 kDa 11S basic polypeptides were not susceptible to TGase cross-linking. The results demonstrate that a combination of enzymatic treatments and the order in which they are applied may have potential for creating novel food ingredients with improved functional properties, especially those properties that are dependant on high solubility at low pH.     

Functionality of milk protein concentrate 80 with emulsifying salts and its applications in analogue cheeses

Milk protein concentrate 80 (MPC80) was prepared with different emulsifying salts (ES). The effects on particle size (D50), solubility, and surface hydrophobicity (H₀) of MPC80 were then observed after production. The molecular weight and secondary structure of MPC80 protein were also investigated through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Particle size (D50) was reduced from 31.37 to 20.67 μm following the addition of sodium phosphate (SPS). The solubility of MPC80 fortified with sodium citrate salt (SCS), SPS, and sodium pyrophosphate (SPP) was improved by 80.32, 78.23, and 55.80%, respectively. The SDS-PAGE pattern showed no significant difference between the control and single-ES-fortified samples, but major protein bands (α_s-CN, β-CN, κ-CN, BSA, and β-LG) had a stronger intensity than binary-ES-fortified MPC80. The FTIR results showed that the β-sheet content of ES-fortified MPC80 was relatively higher than that in the control. Compared with analogue cheeses made by MPC80 with and without ES, SCS–SPP (92:8)-modified MPC80 presented a better fluid mass and homogeneous colour.     

Influence of the floor-based obstructions on contaminant removal efficiency and effectiveness

Dimensioning of dilution ventilation is often made using the perfect mixing approximation, assuming uniform contaminant concentration throughout the room space. However, the contaminant removal efficiency and effectiveness of air conditioning system should be accounted for during design. The effectiveness is in this context used as a measure of the contaminant distribution uniformity within the occupied zone. Influence of an occupied zone obstruction level, air distribution method, air change rate, cooling load and contaminant source non-uniformity on the contaminant removal efficiency and occupied zone contaminant concentration uniformity were studied in scale model. The room air distribution method results in contaminant concentration non-uniformity inside the occupied zone. A method was developed to take this into account during the design of air distribution system. Contaminant supply non-uniformity was found to have great influence on the concentration non-uniformity with two tested air distribution methods.     

Simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in virgin olive oil using HPLC and UV detection

A simple procedure is described for the simultaneous extraction and HPLC determination of phenols and tocopherols in virgin olive oil. The extraction was carried out using methanol and an isopropanol- methanol mixture. Separation was achieved on a reversed phase C₁₈ column with acetic acid/water-methanol-acetonitrile-isopropanol mixture under gradient elution. Detection was accomplished with UV detection at λ=280 nm. Using this method, simple and complex phenols as well as α-tocopherol can be determined in one run. Phenolic compounds were totally extracted whereas an average recovery of 80% was achieved for α-tocopherol. Validation of method is reported for olive oil samples with varying concentrations of α-tocopherol and phenolic compounds.     

同时测定蔬菜中15种有机磷农药的残留方法

了解当前本市农产品市场中关于蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的相关状况,制定相关对策,建立一种适用于多种有机磷农药快速检测的气相色谱方法。根据农药的相关性质,该气相色谱法可同时检测15种有机磷农药,其中包括:敌百虫、敌敌畏、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、灭线磷、甲拌磷、氧乐果、特丁硫磷、乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、杀螟硫磷、对硫磷、倍硫磷、水胺硫磷。通过对不同型号色谱柱的选择、柱温箱升温程序的控制,实现对15种常见有机磷农药的快速、便捷、准确度好的定性和定量的分析。     

大曲理化性质与白酒产品风味的相关性分析

通过选取高温、中高温和中温三种工艺大曲及不同贮存期(分别贮存一年、半年和未贮存)大曲进行实验室固态酿酒发酵实验,分析不同工艺、贮存期大曲及大曲酶活(糖化力、液化力、发酵力、酯化力)酿造所得酒样风味构成的差异性。结果表明,不同大曲工艺对酒体主要高级醇类和醛类产生显著影响,而大曲的贮存期对二者无显著影响;高温曲酒样的总酸(767.39 mg/L)和总酯(3493.21 mg/L)显著高于其他两种工艺大曲,经贮存大曲酒样总酯含量高于未贮存大曲(一年曲和半年曲分别高于未贮存曲43.6%和46.1%)。大曲发酵力与正丙醇存在显著正相关关系,酯化力与β-苯乙醇和乙醛、液化力与总酸和总酯呈显著负相关关系,在大曲理化指标中,酯化力对酒体整体风味影响较大。故大曲的工艺与贮存期对白酒产品风味均有不同程度的影响,本研究有助于从大曲因素对白酒产品风味进行更深地认识和调控及对大曲标准建立和企业酿酒生产具有一定的参考意义。     

红提葡萄SO2脉冲式防腐保鲜技术

目的针对红提葡萄保鲜时存在的药害、失水、落粒和腐烂等问题,研究SO_2脉冲式熏蒸防腐的最佳浓度、时间参数。方法以新疆红提葡萄为实验材料,采用脉冲式防腐设备精准定量控制,研究不同脉冲防腐方式对红提葡萄贮藏期可滴定酸、电导率、质量损失率、多酚氧化酶活性等理化指标的影响。结果首先用SO_2(体积分数1%)循环熏蒸30min,之后每间隔15d采用SO_2(体积分数0.2%)循环熏蒸30 min,可有效抑制有机酸的消耗,保持细胞膜的完整性,抑制代谢,防止腐烂和落粒,保鲜期延长至180 d,漂白指数仅为0.3,果粒SO_2残留量仅为3.1 mg/kg。结论脉冲式防腐显著延长了红提葡萄的贮藏期,保证了较佳的贮藏品质,解决了传统保鲜纸SO_2释放不均衡、果粒漂白和残留量偏高等产业难题。     

不同采收期“卡罗拉”月季切花贮藏效果比较

目的 为了延长月季切花“卡罗拉”的贮藏期,选取合适的采收期进行贮藏至关重要。方法 分别以提前4 d采收(1级)、提前2~3 d采收(2级)、提前1 d采收(3级)、当天采收(4级)的月季切花“卡罗拉”为试材,于4 ℃下贮藏20 d,定期观察贮藏及瓶插期间鲜切花品质的变化。结果 与其他采收期月季切花相比,2级月季切花乙烯生成速率偏低,贮藏15 d前,2级月季切花在一定程度上呼吸强度较低,丙二醛含量整体呈现较低趋势。在贮藏20 d瓶插8 d时,2级月季切花花朵直径偏大,可维持花朵较高的开放程度,花朵萎蔫指数、腐烂指数、质量损失率仅为40.66%、82.22%、11%,均低于其他采收期的月季切花;色差中L^*值较高,b^*值较低,表明2级月季切花颜色较为鲜亮,有效延缓了黄化现象。结论 经过1 d物流运输及20 d左右的贮藏条件下存放时,提前2~3 d采收(2级)的月季切花可维持较好的品质及观赏价值。     

水相法制备双乙二酸硼酸锂的中试工艺研究

以水相法制备双乙二酸硼酸锂（LiBOB）。研究了中试条件下的反应物料比、反应温度、反应时间、析晶溶剂加入量对产品质量的影响,所得产品利用FTIR、TG-DSC和XRD进行了确认,目前中试装置已实现10 t/a的生产规模。实验结果表明,较优工艺条件为：物料比（草酸、硼酸、碳酸锂的物质的量比）为4∶2∶1.1,反应温度为80 ℃,反应时间为8 h,在浓缩析晶过程中浓缩比（蒸发溶剂占总溶剂的质量比）为80%左右,析晶剂加入量为产品质量的4倍。干燥采用动态干燥方式,干燥时间为8 h。经过分析,该工艺制备的产品质量超过市售产品水平。